NAC News – Edition 633 HMCS Carleton
Your weekly national and international naval news for the week of September 5, 2025
Edition 633 HMCS Carleton Quote: “Carney was genuine in his praise of the eastern European country’s wholehearted, enthusiastic embrace of NATO and the Western alliance’s defence spending targets. “We learn much from the prime minister, from his government, including the importance of pulling our full weight in NATO,” Carney said.
It was an off-script, telling remark about the difference between Poland and Canada when it comes to defence spending. “It will take us a few years to reach the Polish levels of commitment. But it’s possible, and we have made that commitment. We will quadruple our spending on defence between now and the end of the decade.”” CBC Analysis – How, and at what cost, could Canada catch up to Poland’s defence spending? Murray Brewster 31 August 2025 (Editor – from article in This Week’s Significant Articles section)
Rod Hughes: Editor NAC News rhughes@shaw.ca (Comments welcome to help improve this service.) The content of this bulletin includes articles from entities not subject to the Official Languages Act. Consequently, these articles may be provided by the institution in only one official language, including the links, and we do not have the copyright to modify or translate them. Links to keep in touch with the NAC and RCN can be found at the bottom of this email. Contact NACcoordinator@navalassoc.ca if you wish someone to be added to the NAC News email distribution. (Influencer, or good candidates to become a NAC member – note, the first year’s NAC/Branch membership dues are waived)
NOTICES
Two events. Pirate of the Adriatic Book Launch, Author Sean Livingston (NAC Serving CAF Member).
17 Sept 2025 HMCS Carleton, Ottawa. The mess bar should be open for refreshments, RSVP to: Christopher.Walkinshaw@forces.gc.ca Business Dress
18 Sept 2025 12:00 – 13:30 (local) Rideau Club, Lunch is $76.00 (Club Members $66.00) RSVP to: reservations@rideauclub.ca Business Casual. Copies of the book will be sold at both events by Perfect Books Ottawa ($30.00 each) If you can’t make either of these days you can always shop on line!
26–27 September 2025 The Canadian Maritime Security Network (CMSN) will host a conference on the future Canadian Seapower 2025. Venue – University of Calgary. Today, Canada faces a more complex and dangerous security landscape than at any time since the Second World War. The country is at an inflection point, facing two great power competitors, a complicated ecosystem of malign non-state actors, persistent pressures eroding the rules based international order, and an uncertain partnership with the U.S. To register.
NEW 29 September 2025 HMCS Whitehorse, Saskatoon, and Brandon will be paid off at B Jetty, HMC Dockyard Esquimalt. A reception will follow at the wardroom. RSVP to MARPACevents@forces.gc.ca Dress Military 1A(Medals)/Civilian Business attire. Guests are asked to park at the Canteen Rd parking lot. A shuttle bus will begin transporting guests to the ceremony starting at 1000.
NEW 3 October 2025 HMC Ships Kingston, Glace Bay, Goose Bay, Shawinigan, and Summerside will be paid off at Jetty NB, HMC Dockyard Halifax. A reception will be held at HMCS Scotian. Registration is required at: MARLANTSOVP@FORCES.GC.CA
Dress Military 1A(Medals)/Civilian Business attire. 1300 Entry through HMCS Scotian for pre-ceremony tea/coffee, with guests to proceed to NB Jetty to be seated by 1345. Guests are asked to park in the Dockyard parking lot Zone located at the southern end of the lot accessible via the Barrington St Roundabout.
21–22 October 2025 ABCMI’s Business Opportunities Conference & Trade Show at the Vancouver Convention Centre, this flagship event brings together leading companies from across Canada in the marine and defence sectors. See the website for our draft Programme and list of Exhibitors. Tickets are selling quickly; exhibit spaces are sold out.
4 November 2025 7.30 – 18.30 Ottawa time Deep Blue Forum 6th Annual Conference. Theme: The Future of the Submarine Enterprise – People Harnessing Technology, in a System of Systems. The National Arts Centre, 1 Elgin Street, Ottawa. Today is the last day that the Super Early Bird Registration is Open! Contact The ticket discount code for NAC members is DB25_NAC Keynote Speaker, Paula Folkes – Associate Assistant Deputy Minister, Defence and Marine Procurement
24 February 2026 ShipTech Forum 2026, The National Arts Centre, Ottawa. 1 Elgin Street, Ottawa, ON K1P 5W1 (Editor – NAC helps sponsor this event)
THIS WEEK’S SIGNIFICANT ARTICLES
How, and at what cost, could Canada catch up to Poland’s defence spending?
Xi Jinping — flanked by Putin and Kim — speaks of choice between war and peace at huge parade (Editor – “may you live in interesting times!” – ancient Chinese curse)
CANADA
Canada’ Courage in the Pacific: V-J DAY Commemorated 1945-2025 (Editor – 4:32 min video)
National Defence Welcomes the Canadian Coast Guard to the Defence Team & La Défense nationale accueille la Garde côtière canadienne au sein de l’Équipe de la Défense and Breaking News: Canadian Coast Guard Now Officially part of National Defence (Editor – It’s official 2:05 min video) plus Message from the Deputy Minister of Fisheries and Oceans Canada: Farewell to the Canadian Coast Guard & Message de la sous-ministre de Pêches et Océans Canada : Au revoir à la Garde côtière canadienne
Shared defence (Editor – practical perspective)
Editor – with the competition down to two nations I thought these videos would be of interest.
German: New German and Norwegian Type-212CD (Editor – 17:03 min video) & German NEW Stealth Submarine SHOCKED The World (Editor – 11:27 mi video)
South Korea: KSS-III Statement by Hanwha Ocean On Canadian Patrol Submarine Project and What you need to know about the KSS-III Submarine (Editor – 15:30 min video) and an opinion KSS-III vs type 212CD: which submarine is best suited for Canada? (Editor – 3:41 min video)
Seaspan welcomes selection of qualified bidders for the Canadian Patrol Submarine Project
CDR August 2025 Volume 31 Issue 4 (Editor – packed with naval articles of interst)
When submarines hunt you, you FIGHT back! (Editor – RCN 3:36 min video)
Nine Actionable Decisions for the Prime Minister to Best Posture Defence (Editor – CGAI article by Vice Admiral (Ret’d) Ron Lloyd) and the 33:52 min CGAI podcast From Paper to Posture: Canada’s Defence
Study: Collapse of Key Atlantic Ocean Current May Begin As Early As 2060
NRAC/ARNC: Saying farewell to the Kingston Class Ships (Editor – BZ NRAC for putting this info all together) Dire adieu aux navires de la classe Kingston (Rédacteur – BZ NRAC pour avoir rassemblé toutes ces informations) and their eventual replacements CMC – Canadian Multi-mission Corvette project with an opinion Let’s talk about the Continental Defence Corvette and background form CMSN: Corvettes – An Overview Michael Cabral, June 2025
Historica Canada: The Memory Project (Editor – The Memory Project is a volunteer speakers bureau that arranges for veterans and Canadian Forces members to share their stories of military service at school and community events across the country. They are looking for speakers and have reached more than 3 million Canadians of all ages since 2001. Share your experiences, connect with them, and help them spread the word.
UVic Library Vault Canadian Military Oral Histories (Editor – The Canadian Military Oral History Collection is composed of interviews of veterans of WWI, WWII, the Korean War, and the War in Afghanistan. Over 370 recordings done by Dr. Reginald H. Roy and his students are the largest holding in this category. Historian Hal Lawrence also donated over 180 recordings that he collected of Canadian Naval personnel. It’s electronically searchable…enjoy)
Search and Rescue in Arctic WATERS! (Editor – RCN 5:06 min video)
The State of Crude Oil Tanker Traffic in Canada
Plotting her course: N.L. captain is among the first women to take on the Great Lakes
B.C. Ferries pushes back at criticism of new vessel contract at federal meeting
Damen splashes BC Ferries’ new fully electric-ready ferry
Obit: Ford, Peter Alan Lea MMM, CD August 16, 1955 – August 15, 2025 (Editor – not a NAC member but a man with unique connection to Victoria’s “Welcome Home” statue.
Canadian Coast Guard Inshore Rescue Boat Crews winding down operations in British Columbia & Les équipages d’embarcations de sauvetage côtier de la Garde côtière canadienne mettent fin à leurs opérations dans la province de Colombie-Britannique
Canadian Coast Guard winds down Inshore Rescue Boat operations for the season in Atlantic Canada & Fermetures des stations d’embarcations de sauvetage côtier de la Garde côtière canadienne au Canada atlantique
NAC Naval Affairs: A New Defence Policy Vision The Case for Shifting Focus to the Pacific by Commander Matthew Hardy (Editor – Starshell is available through the NAC website so if you have someone you’d like to have see the latest or past versions please do so with this link. The magazine is too good to languish in obscurity!)
(Editor – NAC Naval Affairs Papers, Briefing Notes, Niobe Papers, and much more. Please share with anyone you think may benefit from the knowledge, after all, that’s what our naval affairs programme is all about – enlightening Canadians)
USA & AMERICA
USNI News Fleet and Marine Tracker: Sept. 2, 2025
US Builds Up Forces In Caribbean As Officials, Experts, Ask Why with USS Lake Erie Passage in Panama Canal Follows US Military Pressure on Venezuela (Editor – a great deal of fire power!) more details on last week’s sinking U.S. Military Strikes Venezuelan Drug Vessel in Caribbean, 11 Killed in Trump-Ordered Operation in summary Here are the facts on the U.S. military operation against Venezuela and Russia must comment Escalation around Venezuela unacceptable, threatens stability — MFA and then Venezuelan fighter jets flying over U.S. navy destroyer ‘a highly provocative move,’ says Pentagon
US Navy: Keel laid for second Columbia-class submarine
US Coast Guard deployed icebreaker to query Chinese research vessels in Arctic waters
Coast Guard’s Operation Pacific Viper Nets 40,000 Pounds of Cocaine in Eastern Pacific
How America Became The World’s Top Arms Exporter (Editor – 21:13 min video)
‘British Bob’ on Royal Navy pilot exchange in the US receives medal for $99m drug bust
Austal Taps L3Harris for US Navy’s T-AGOS-25 Class Surveillance Ships
CIMSEC: Reprioritize SWO tactical qualifications for the high-end fight
Chile leverages US exercise to enhance regional deterrence and submarine warfare skills
Austal USA launches first of 12 new LCU vessels for US Navy
Fincantieri Adds 600 Shipyard Workers as U.S. Shipbuilding Renaissance Gains Steam
INDO-PACIFIC
China’s huge navy is expanding at breakneck speed – will it rule the waves?
China is Set to Unveil a Full Set of New Hypersonic Missiles
Japan’s Record $60 Billion Defense Budget Seeks Unmanned Systems, Long-range Munitions
Australia, Canada, the Philippines and the United States conduct Maritime Cooperative Activity (Editor – VDQ is having a fascinating deployment) of course PLA Southern Theater Command holds routine patrols in South China Sea in response to Philippines-Australia-Canada ‘joint patrol’ with Statement from the Canadian Armed Forces on Canada’s participation in a Multilateral Maritime Cooperative Activity & Déclaration des Forces armées canadiennes portant sur la participation du Canada à une activité de coopération maritime multilatérale
CIMSEC: It’s time to invite Taiwan to RIMPAC
TKMS Emerges as Frontrunner for India’s Submarine Contract with India looks at sealing two mega submarine deals after long wait and Integration of first Indigenous Air-Independent Propulsion System to begin in 2026
CSIS: The Strategic Future of Subsea Cables: Japan Case Study (Editor – excellent)
Kim meets families of North Korea soldiers killed fighting in Ukraine
China’s Naval Hospital Ships Bring Care and Hope
PLA, CCG conduct patrols in the territorial waters of Huangyan Dao (Editor – also known as Scarborough Shoal, Panacot, Bajo de Masinloc, Minzhu Jiao, and Panatag Shoal, are two skerries between Macclesfield Bank to the west and Luzon to the east. Luzon is 220 kilometres away and the nearest landmass. Historical European maps show Huangyan Dao has never been Philippine territory a great 3:44 min video) while China’s activities in Ren’ai Jiao legitimate, lawful, beyond reproach: FM responds to Philippine official’s resupply claim
China DARES TO TOW BRP Sierra Madre at Second Thomas Shoal – Will It TRIGGER US Response? (Editor – 1 min video) and this China Tried To BOARD a Philippine Navy Ship – They Failed. Here’s Why (Editor – I:00 min video)
Damaged Chinese Coast Guard Ship Now Under Repair at Hainan, Satellite Images Show
How China could turn Paracel Islands into submarine kill zone in South China Sea
Safeguarding Australia and CSIS: Can AUKUS Deliver on Deterring China? (Editor – 11:26 min video)
India irreplaceable partner with U.S. in Indo-Pacific, says Consul general Chris Hodges (Editor – except for tariffs of course! )
Germany’s TKMS partners with India’s VEM Technologies for producing heavyweight torpedoes
Royal Australian Navy acquires additional AUV62-AT
First Indonesian PPA ship arrives in the country
Austal subsidiary signs strategic shipbuilding agreement
South Korean shipbuilding giants merge to boost defense growth
EUROPE
Black Sea:
Macron says 26 countries ready to send troops for Ukraine ceasefire but then Putin rejects Western security in Ukraine, warning troops would be target while The Mystery of NATO’s 5% Spending Promise but then
Russia hits Ukrainian vessel, killing 2 crew members, injuring others, Navy says
Ukrainian Drones Hit Harbor Tug and Two Helicopters in Crimea
Bulk Carrier Damaged In Black Sea Blast Near Odesa
Ukraine’s Magura naval drones: black sea equalizers (Editor – 3:50 min video)
Türkiye expands naval presence in Black Sea and Mediterranean with new İstif-class frigate TCG İçel
Baltic:
Russia commissions final Project 21631 Buyan-M corvette Stavropol to support Baltic operations
SAAB outlines strategies for protecting critical infrastructure in the Baltic Sea at MSPO 2025
General:
Russian submarine threat resurfaces: How Nato works to track them down
British Type 26 Frigate wins Norwegian frigate competition (Editor – now 4 nations with the similar initial design) and Norway Selects British Frigates In $13.5B Defense Deal with Scottish shipbuilding gets major boost (Editor – 1:12 min video) and Norway’s Type 26 frigate deal could help ease Navy pressures, says former Commodore (Editor – includes short video)
Turkey Halts Trade With Israel, Shuts Ports to All Shipping Links
CSIS: The Strategic Future of Subsea Cables: Ireland Case Study (Editor – another excellent article, a wakeup call)
NATO warships sail into Barents Sea and U.S. Navy Destroyers Patrol Arctic Waters In Barents Sea Near Russian Maritime Border
Why Britain’s Carriers Were a Complete Disaster | HMS Queen Elizabeth (Editor – “Teething pains” laid bare in a 8:46 min video)
Türkiye launches 4th I-class frigate, the future TCG İçel (F-518)
Gabriel 5 missile now operational with the Finnish Navy
Cargo ship involved in weapons deliveries from North Korea makes port call in Arkhangelsk
Trump Presses Europe to End Russian Oil Imports and Russia’s Oil Cargoes Flood to China as Tariffs Crimp India Flows
MIDDLE EAST
Red Sea:
Houthis Claim Responsibility for Attack on Israeli-Linked Tanker
General:
Indian Naval Ships INS Tamal and INS Surat visit Jeddah to strengthen defence ties
Iranian Navy Stands Down From its Wartime Posture (Editor – if running away and hiding can be called wartime posture?)
U.S. Treasury Hits Iraqi-Iranian Oil Laundering Network with Sanctions
GLOBAL INTERESTS
French Navy Seizes Nearly 6 Tons of Cocaine in Major West African Drug Bust
CSIS: Safeguarding Subsea Cables: Protecting Cyber Infrastructure amid Great Power Competition (Editor – third excellent article in this week’s edition)
Captain Scott’s famous polar shipwreck as never seen before
Pirates Scared Off from Tanker Attack by Approaching Patrol Boats
SCUTTLEBUTT
Japanese Were Stunned by America’s Secret PT Boats — Striking From the Shadows in WW2 (Editor – great story in a 46:28 min video. Can’t help but compare this with the rise today of the Black Sea drone warfare)
In Which We Serve (Editor – found this old gem the other day, a 1:53:33 hr movie)
German POWs Were Shocked By America’s Industrial Might After Arriving In The United States (Editor – not a maritime story but intriguing in a 50:48 min video)
Flower class – Guide 124 (Editor – 10:05 min video. Honourable mention of HMCS Sackville)
Remembering HMCS Athabaskan (Editor – 17:43 min video)
River class – Guide 216 (Editor – 5:59 min video)
THIS WEEK IN RCN/MARITIME HISTORY
6 September 1910 In July 1910 the Director of the Naval Service went to England to attend the trails of the two cruisers and to take them over from the Admiralty. Before they were transferred several alterations were carried out, to make them more suitable as training ships. The Niobe was commissioned in the Canadian Service at Devonport on September 6, 1910, with Cdr. W.B. Macdonald, R.N., a native of British Columbia, as her Captain, and on the occasion a silk ensign was presented to the ship on behalf of the Queen.
6 September 1940 HMS Duchess arrives in Halifax harbour, bringing the members of the Tizard Mission and a black metal box containing, amongst other things, six examples of the cavity magnetron (high-power vacuum tube used in early radar systems). This would later be described as “the most important cargo to reach our (North American) shores” and opened channels of communication for jet engine and atomic bomb development, leading to the British contribution to the Manhattan Project, and catalyzed Allied technological cooperation during World War II.
6 September 1940 The USN destroyers USS Aaron Ward (DD-132), USS Buchanan (DD-131), USS Crowninshield (DD-134), USS Hale (DD-133), USS Abel P. Upshur (DD-193), USS Welborn C. Wood (DD-195), USS Herndon (DD-198) and USS Welles (DD-257) arrive at Halifax, Nova Scotia. These are the first of the “flushdeck” destroyers to be transferred under the “Destroyers-For-Bases” deal. Contrary to popular opinion, none of the eight ships to be transferred were taken directly from reserve status and handed over to the RN. All eight ships had been recommissioned at least during 1939 and all had been engaged in operations on the neutrality patrols. Two ships were recommissioned considerably earlier and had served for extended periods with both the US Atlantic and Pacific Fleets: Crowninshield (1930) and Buchanan (1934). All eight destroyers were decommissioned from the USN on 09 Sep and commissioned into the RN on the same day. USS Crowninshield was commissioned as HMS Chelsea (I35). She reached Devonport, England, on 28 Sep 1940 and was assigned to the Sixth Escort Group, Western Approaches Command, for local escort duty. In Nov 42, Chelsea became one of eight ‘flushdeckers’ lent to the RCN. She served with the RCN until the Dec 43, operated with both the Mid-Ocean Escort Force and Western Escort Forces. Chelsea returned to Londonderry, Northern Ireland, on 26 Dec 43 and, in early 44, was reduced to reserve status in the Tyne estuary. On 16 Jul 44, she was transferred to Russia and renamed Derskni.
7 September 1816 Steamship Frontenac launched at Bath, west of Kingston: first steam powered vessel on the Great Lakes.
7 September 1942 HMCS Raccoon Torpedoed and sunk by U 165, while escorting convoy QS.33 in the St. Lawrence River. There were no survivors. 37 perished.
7 September 1943 HMS Nabob (an aircraft carrier) is commissioned into the Royal Navy with an RCN crew and a Royal Naval Fleet Air Arm as their aviation contingent.
7 September 1955 HMCS Sioux sailed home from the U.S. naval base at Yokosuka, Japan, ending the Royal Canadian Navy’s involvement in the Korean War.
8 September 1939 Mackenzie King says no to conscription; stresses munitions-making and building up RCN and RCAF.
9 September 1919 Alexander Graham Bell sees his HD-4 hydrofoil, powered by twin aircraft engines, reach a new world water speed record of 114 km/h; piloted by J.A.D. McCurdy at Baddeck, Nova Scotia.
9 September 1942 War Cabinet closes the St. Lawrence River to all Allied shipping except coasters due to German U-Boat submarine dangers.
9 September 1944 HMCS Hespler with CO (temporarily in Command) LCdr Neville S.C. Dickinson, RCNVR, on patrol duty south of the Hebrides sank the German submarine U-484 in co-operation with HMCS Dunver, with CO A/LCdr William Davenport, RCNR.
9 September 2002 HMCS Montreal joins the Naval Task Group, part of the international antiterrorism campaign in the Persian Gulf.
10 September 1813 US Captain Oliver Perry defeated six British warships at the Battle of Lake Erie. During this battle Lt Frédérick Rolette was the First Lieutenant (second in command) of the British schooner Lady Prevost. When the captain was mortally wounded, he assumed command and fought the ship “with great skill and gallantry” until he himself was severely wounded, burned by an explosion and the ship was a broken unmanageable and sinking wreck. Lt Rolette served with great distinction throughout the War of 1812. Significantly, just before the outbreak of the War of 1812, Lt Rolette was posted to Amherstburg, Ont., and he was in charge of the brig General Hunter. When word of the outbreak of war reached Amherstburg on July 3, 1812, Lt Rolette acted immediately, capturing an American vessel, the Cuyahoga, before the American crew became aware that their country had declared war on Britain. This was the first action of the War of 1812 and a significant prize, because on board the Cuyahoga were American commander General William Hull’s papers and dispatches, providing the British with a great deal of intelligence on American strengths and deployment. The Harry DeWolf Class Arctic and Offshore Patrol Vessel HMCS Frédérick Rolette is named in his honour.
10 September 1814 The Kingston Ontario naval dockyard launched the 112-gun HMS St. Lawrence, carrying more armament than Admiral Nelson’s HMS Victory. The Naval Dockyard was on the grounds of what is now the Royal Military College, with the current Stone Frigate originally being the naval stores building. At the time she was the largest warship to sail the Great Lakes and she was the only Royal Navy ship of the line ever to be launched and operated entirely in fresh water. The construction of a first-rate ship of the line, in a campaign that had been dominated by sloops and frigates, gave the British uncontested control of the lakes during the final months of the war. HMS St Lawrence never saw action, because her presence on the lake once battle-ready deterred the U.S. fleet from setting sail. The naval actions and building programmes in the Great Lakes lead to The Rush–Bagot Treaty or Rush–Bagot Disarmament treaty between the United States and Great Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812. Vessels would be limited to one vessel on Lake Champlain, one vessel on Lake Ontario, and two vessels on the upper lakes. None of the vessels was to exceed 100 tons and its armament was not to be more than 18-pounder gun. It was ratified by the United States 16 April 1818, and was confirmed by Canada, following Confederation in 1867.
10 September 1939 Canada declared war on Germany. It was the first time in our history that Canada had issued a formal Declaration of War in her own right. On the 11th and 12th parliament adopted a special War Appropriation Bill and other bills arising out of the Declaration of War.
10 September 1941 HMCS Chambly commanded by CDR James D. Prentice, RCN, and HMCS Moose Jaw commanded by LT Frederick E. Grubb, RCN sank the German submarine U-501 off the coast of Greenland. This is the first U-boat kill made by the RCN. During the war the RCN sank, or shared in the destruction, of 31 enemy submarines. For its part, the RCN lost 14 warships to U-boat attacks and another eight ships to collisions and other accidents in the north Atlantic.
11 September 1833 Quebec-built steamship ‘Royal William’ reaches England safely; the wooden paddle wheeler is the first ship to cross the Atlantic under steam all the way, although sails are raised whenever the wind is fresh; the two steam engines are kept running, but the ship goes slowly under sail because of the drag from the paddle wheels.
11 September 1942 HMCS Charlottetown was torpedoed and sunk in the St. Lawrence, near Cap Chat Quebec, by U517. She had just delivered a convoy to Rimouski and was returning to Gaspe. Ten of her ship’s company were lost.
12 September 1759 Admiral Saunders bombards Beauport (Eastern Quebec City) and feigns a landing to divert attention away from Wolfe’s landing below the Plains of Abraham.
12 September 1846 Franklin Expedition ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror are trapped in ice in Victoria Strait.
12 September 1940 Canada’s cabinet introduces Order In Council P.C. 4751, giving Canadian authorities power to imprison disobedient foreign seamen from non-Canadian ships in Canadian ports.
SIGNIFICANT RCN DATES – If you see any omissions or errors please inform me, and any more modern significant dates are also welcomed. The list draws primarily from the Directory of History and Heritage’s comprehensive “Significant Dates in Canadian Military History”, the now defunct “Canada Channel”, “Legion Magazine”, The Naval Service of Canada, Its Official History Vol 1-3, NAC member Roger Litwiller’s excellent web site, encyclopedic guidance from NAC member Fraser McKee, the Uboat.net site, and anywhere else I can find credible information. For the merchant ship history, a special thanks to NAC member Bill Dziadyk for his able assistance and detailed work. The RCN lost 1,965 men and 24 ships during the War, most of them in the Atlantic. A comprehensive list of the staggering merchant losses – sunk, damaged, or lost – Canadian Merchant Ship Losses of the Second World War, 1939-1945 by Rob Fisher {Revised June 2001}, and for the loss of individual personnel RCN Ship Histories, Convoy Escort Movements, Casualty Lists 1939-1947)
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